According to Wikipedia, any choice of primary colors is arbitrary. Three colors are usually used, as human color vision is trichromatic, meaning that we are able to sense three different colors at once, which coincide with the three different cone types in our retinas.
For the additive process using the primary colors Red, Green and Blue, combining two of these colors in equal parts produces the secondary colors Cyan, Magenta and Yellow. These are the colors that make up the primary subset of the subtractive colors! and when combined, oh yes, they also create the primary subset of the additive RGB palette. Nuts!
Tertiary colors are made by combining one primary color with one secondary color. Analogous colors are colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel, and complementary colors reside opposite each other on the color wheel, generally producing a very vibrant effect when used together.
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